Monday 22 February 2016

Weekly New/Digital Media homework Week 23

WEEK 23

  • The development matters because the change made to the account – a reset of Farook’s iCloud password – made it impossible to see if there was another way to get access to data on the shooter’s iPhone without taking Apple to court.
  • The San Bernardino County government on Friday night said the FBI told its staffto tamper with the Apple account of Syed Farook, who with his wife, Tashfeen Malik, carried out the December shooting in which 14 people were killed.
  •  Apple’s row with the FBI over access to a locked iPhone that belonged to the employer of one of the San Bernardino killers is just the latest example of technology businesses discovering that nothing they now do is without consequences
  • Apple has been excoriated by presidential candidates, and backed into the tightest of corners by the FBI: the moral case for refusing to hack into a terrorist’s phone is hard to make – particularly in the US over an Isis-inspired attack during an election year.
  • Late on 20 February the FBI said that it “worked with” county officials to reset the iCloud password, as discovery of the locked phone was “a logical next step was to obtain access to iCloud backups for the phone in order to obtain evidence related to the investigation in the days following the attack,” according to the statement from an FBI spokesman.

Samsung’s Mobile World Congress event had plenty of Gear VR headsets.

  • Mark Zuckerberg surprises Samsung Mobile World Congress event to reveal that ‘people have already watched more than a million hours of video in Gear VR’
  • Facebook has created a “social VR” team to explore virtual-reality technology’s potential beyond games, as it prepares for the consumer launch of its Oculus Rift VR headset.
  • “People have already watched more than a million hours of video in Gear VR,”explained a blog post from Facebook following the event. “Already, millions of people watch 360 videos on Facebook every day. More than 20,000 have been uploaded, with hundreds more added daily.”
  • Chief executive Mark Zuckerberg revealed the plans in a surprise appearance at Samsung’s Mobile World Congress press conference, while talking up the popularity of 360-degree videos on Facebook, and on Samsung’s Gear VR headset – which uses technology from Oculus.

Friday 12 February 2016

NDM stories: Index

1) Week 1 - Uber raises $1.2bn for China expansion
2) Week 1 - Spotify data reveals boom in sleep and relaxation albums
3) Week 2 - Advance orders of iPhones 6S and 6S Plus likely to exceed 10m
4) Week 2 - Interactive book apps launch - app store
5) Week 3 - Buzzfeed to cover more UK-based stories
6) Week 3 - Amazon Prime members to get free access to the Washington Post
7) Week 4 - Apple New WiFi Assist Feature
8) Week 4 - Facebook hoax - users to pay a fee
9) Week 5 - Facebook satellite to beam internet to remote regions in Africa
10) Week 5 - iPhone 6S review: a very good phone ruined by rubbish battery life
11) Week 6 - Facebook 'reactions': social network adds emoji to 'Like' options
12) Week 6 - Uber faces lawsuit in US over two alleged sexual assaults by drivers
13) Week 7 - Twitter introduces new TV strategy
14) Week 7 - Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 – five things we've learned about the campaign
15) Week 8 - YouTube Red subscription to mix music, digital stars and ad-free viewing
16) Week 8 - IOS 9.1 Update Review
17) Week 9 - Can dropping the paywall and upping the story count boost Sun’s website?
18) Week 9 - Candy Crush(ed): Zuckerberg pledges to halt Facebook game invitations
19) Week 10 - What's Happening To Print Journalism?
20) Week 10 - Emoji Development
21) Week 11 - Muslim Council of Britain takes out advert denouncing Paris attack
22) Week 11 - Spotify to offer staff six months' parental leave on full pay
23) Week 12 - Sun's 'Muslim poll' faces growing criticism
24) Week 12 - YouTube tipped to strike licensing deals for TV shows and films
25) Week 13 - Mark Zuckerberg returns to top of MediaGuardian 100 power list
26) Week 13 - GMB union criticises Uber for making drivers offer journey-sharing
27) Week 14 - Has social media ruined the web?
28) Week 14 - Apple Pay
29) Week 15 - Anti-Isis hackers claim responsibility for BBC cyber-attack 
30) Week 15 - Uber surge pricing on New Year's Eve opens new front in war with taxis
31) Week 16 - Can Twitter turn stagnation into progress, or has it hit the wall?
32) Week 16 -  Google Glass 2.0: first pictures emerge
33) Week 17 - BBC justifies decision to allow Stephen Doughty to resign live on Daily Politics
34) Week 17 - Google Pixel C review: the best Android tablet is a viable iPad competitor
35) Week 18 - US military aims to create cyborgs by connecting humans to computers
36) Week 18 - Google says Isis must be locked out of the open web
37) Week 19 - BBC considers using veteran stars to front over-75s licence fee campaign
38) Week 19 - Canadian man found not guilty in Twitter harassment case
39) Week 20 - Local newspaper editor slaps down bigots to welcome Syrian refugees Roy Greenslade Roy Greenslade
40) Week 20 - Facing complex challenges, Twitter should focus on its strengths
41) Week 21 - Uninstalling Facebook app saves up to 15% of iPhone battery life
42)  Week 21 - Newsnight gets a repeat as BBC news channel cuts breaking stories
43) Week 22 - Google to ban Adobe Flash-based advertising
44) Week 22 - End of Printing The Independent
45) Week 23 - Apple’s FBI battle is just the beginning of a reality check for the tech sector
46) Week 23 - Facebook sets up 'social VR' team to explore virtual reality beyond games

Media and collective identity

Collective identity: blog task

Read the Media Magazine article on collective identity: Self-image and the Media (MM41 - page 6). Our Media Magazine archive is here.

Complete the following tasks on your blog:

1) Read the article and summarise each section in one sentence, starting with the section 'Who are you?'

Who are you section - we're all constructing an image to communicate our identity.  There is a difference between the person we think we are, the person we want to be and the person we want to be seen to be.
I think, therefore I am - we present ourselves based on social constructs, constructed outside of our selves; class, religion, gender and the predetermined roles
The rise of the individual - idea that beneath the surface there was an ‘essential self’ – the core of who you actually are.
Branding and lifestyle - Branding is the association of a ‘personality’ with a product. Advertisers sell the personality rather than the product, so that people will choose products that match their own self image.

2) List five brands you are happy to be associated with and explain how they reflect your sense of identity.
Apple - own multiple apple products, always using my phone constantly
Twitter - active user, use Twitter to check up on news, especially to do with hip-hop culture
Mac - enjoy using make-up products from there, use those products often daily
Instagram - post up pictures daily
Adidas - own loads of clothing from there and use their bags for sports wear

3) Do you agree with the view that modern media is all about 'style over substance'? What does this expression mean?
This notion of self-image being defined by brands and products, rather than by authentic human experience, I agree with this statement especially considering the fact that society has constructed this factor the idea that designer brands represents who you are. 

4) Explain Baudrillard's theory of 'media saturation' in one paragraph. You may need to research it online to find out more.Baudrillard theory of ‘media saturation’ results in high cultural value being placed on external factors such as physical beauty and fashion sense over internal traits such as intelligence or compassion

5) Is your presence on social media an accurate reflection of who you are? Have you ever added or removed a picture from a social media site purely because of what it says about the type of person you are?
Social media is there to give the reflection which the user wants to construct out to others. Some people are cautious as to what they portray because of the critical response they might get from family/friends. Personally, pictures on social media is 90% media saturated, which promotes how the user wants to promote physical beauty and fashion sense over internal traits. S
elf-image is communicated through the technical and artistic decisions made.

6) What is your opinion on 'data mining'? Are you happy for companies to sell you products based on your social media presence and online search terms? Is this an invasion of privacy?
Data Mining allows corporations to create products designed to meet the needs we reveal in our personal information and ultimately we end up selling our selves. This is an invasion of privacy as corporations have our personal details, also when signing up to social media sites, such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, the license agreement 99% of the time is never read by users, ultimately everyone is signing up to social media sites to sell away their private details. Although, sometimes it's useful to see products based on your social media privacy but that's very rare. 

Weekly New/Digital Media homework Week 22

WEEK 22
1. Google to ban Adobe Flash-based advertising

Google logo

  • Another nail is hammered into Flash’s coffin, meaning 2016 will be the last year of abundant display-marketing based on the maligned plugin
  • Both arms of Google’s advertising business, Google Display Network and DoubleClick will stop showing Flash, meaning that all ads will have to use HTML5 for animations.
  • Google said: “To enhance the browsing experience for more people on more devices, the Google Display Network and DoubleClick Digital Marketing are now going 100% HTML5.”
  • Video ads, however, will still be able to use Flash for the time being, but the clock appears to be ticking for those as well.
  • Over 100m Flash-based adverts were displayed to users globally in the year to June 2015, while 84% of banner ads were still Flash, according to data from Ad Age. That number is expected to be significantly reduced year-on-year and eventually taper to zero as other advertising services follow suit, such as Amazon which recently blocked Flash ads from its own site.


  • Journalists from across the industry have been saddened by news that The Independent and Independent on Sunday newspapers are closing.
  • Following the sale of the i newspaper to Johnston Press, The Independent will be a digital-only brand.
  • Here are a selection of the comments from journalists on Twitter.
    Times sketch writer and diarist Patrick Kidd: "I've seen a lot of newspaper culls, often brutal ones, but the news about the Independent is so sad. Lots of very good people there."
    Spectator assistant editor Isabel Hardman: "So so sad to hear about closure of the Independent, a fine paper with such good people working for it. Will miss writing columns for it."
    Presenter Julia Hartley-Brewer: "Very sad news that the Independent and the Indy on Sunday are to close. They were the reason I wanted to be a journalist."
    Independent chief reporter Cahal Milmo: "So, goodbye then to the print editions of The Independent and The Independent on Sunday. Sad day for us, bad day for journalism."
    Good Morning Britain presenter Susanna Reid: "Whether you bought it or read it, the closure of The Independent/IoS & move to online-only feels like a big moment for all journalism."

Identities and Film: blog task

The media we choose to watch says a lot about us as people – it helps to construct our identity

Complete the following tasks using Media Factsheet 142: Identity and Film. You'll find it in our Media Factsheet archive on the Media Shared drive: M:\Resources\A Level\Media Factsheets


1) Read Media Factsheet 142: Identity and Film.

2) Complete the Twenty Statements Test yourself. This means answering the question ‘Who am I?’ 20 times with 20 different answers. What do they say about your identity? Write the 20 answers in full on your blog.


Who am I? I am a student
Who am I? I am a female
Who am I? I am a hip hop fan
Who am I? I am a feminist
Who am I? I am in Year 13
Who am I? I am going to Uni
Who am I? I am going to New York
Who am I? I am going to open up my own business
Who am I? I am a chilled person
Who am I? I am a lazy person on the weekends
Who am I? I am the youngest sibling
Who am I? I am going to turn 18 in July
Who am I? I am a fan of rap
Who am I? I am good at netball
Who am I? I am going to learn how to drive
Who am I? I am interested in make-up
Who am I? I am a caring person
Who am I? I am a critical thinker 
Who am I? I am studying business
Who am I? I am also studying english lit

3) Classify your answers into the categories listed  on the Factsheet: Social groups, ideological beliefs, interests etc.
Social - I am a student, I am a female, I am a feminist, I am in Year 13, I am the youngest sibling, I am going to turn 18 in July, I am studying business, I am also studying english lit
Interests -I am a hip hop fan, I am a fan of rap,I am good at netball, I am interested in make-up
Ambitions - I am going to Uni, I am going to New York, I am going to open up my own business
Self-evaluation - I am a chilled person, I am a lazy person on the weekends, I am going to learn how to drive, I am a caring person, I am a critical thinker 

4) Go back to your favourite film (as identified in the lesson). What does this choice of film say about your identity? Are there any identities within the film (e.g. certain characters) that particularly resonated with your values and beliefs?
My favourite film is 'Boyz in the Hood' and this shows how I'm interested in hip-hop culture. Especially with Ice Cube, a rapper from N.W.A. who just recently produced 'Straight Outta Compton.' The film itself shows how it is growing up in the streets of Compton aka known as "the hood." Considering the fact I am a hip hop fan and a fan of Ice Cube, the film Boyz in the Hood is perfectly reasonable to be my all time favourite as it embraces hip hop culture.

5) Watch the trailers for the five films highlighted as examples of gay/lesbian representation in mainstream film. How are LGBT identities constructed in the trailers and how are audiences encouraged to respond to these representations?

Wilde - the story of Oscar Wilde, genius, poet, playwright and the First Modern Man. The self-realization of his homosexuality caused Wilde enormous torment as he juggled marriage, fatherhood and responsibility with his obsessive love for Lord Alfred Douglas. The concept of fatherhood makes it harder to be accepted to be a gay as there are many responsibilities along with it. 
Philadelphia Fearing it would compromise his career, lawyer Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks) hides his homosexuality and HIV status at a powerful Philadelphia law firm. But his secret is exposed when a colleague spots the illness's telltale lesions. Fired shortly afterwards, Beckett resolves to sue for discrimination. It's very rare that lawyer's come out as homosexual due to their superior position and important job role.


The Wedding Banquet -  The Wedding Banquet is a 1993 film about a gay Taiwanese immigrant man who marries a mainland Chinese woman to placate his parents and get her a green card. His plan backfires when his parents arrive in the United States to plan his wedding banquet.

The Kids Are Alright - Nic (Annette Bening) and Jules (Julianne Moore) are a married lesbian couple living in the Los Angeles area. Nic is an obstetrician, and Jules is a housewife who is starting up a landscape design business. Each has given birth to a child using the same sperm donor.

Pride 2014 - Realizing that they share common foes in Margaret Thatcher, the police and the conservative press, London-based gays and lesbians lend their support to striking coal miners in 1984 Wales.

Monday 8 February 2016

Weekly New/Digital Media homework Week 21

WEEK 21
1. Uninstalling Facebook app saves up to 15% of iPhone battery life


iPhone 6S showing a low battery symbol

  • Facebook is one of the most downloaded apps on iOS and but it has long been cited as a cause of fast-draining iPhone batteries
  • ast year it was accused of using background tricks to stay active even when it wasn’t being used. 
  • Facebook admitted bugs existed, and fixed them, but questions of the app’s impact on battery life remained.
  • Similar concerns about Facebook’s Android app led to the discovery that deleting the app saves up to 20% of a phone’s battery
  • BBC2’s current affairs show will air again at 11.15pm to woo younger audiences to news channel, which also gets a new local news programme
  • The BBC’s 24-hour news channel is to introduce a nightly replay of Newsnightand launch a new local news programme in a revamp that will mean less breaking news.
  • From the end of February, Newsnight, BBC2’s current affairs programme which airs at 10.30pm, will be broadcast again on the news channel at 11.15pm with a focus on boosting viewing among a younger audience. 
  • “We will work closely with Newsnight to promote this showing including teasing that night’s programme highlights in the news channel’s 11pm headlines, and promoting the slot to younger viewers via social media,” said Sam Taylor, the head of the BBC News Channel in an email to staff. “The Newsnight playout … means we should be able to dedicate more effort to the earlier part of the evening.”
  • Newsnight will run in a slot that currently features breaking news, with The Papers being moved to 00.30.
  • The channel is also dropping an hour of breaking news between 7pm and 8pm, replacing it with an as yet unnamed programme which will “showcase the best of the BBC’s reporting from the UK’s nations and regions”.

Identities and the Media: Feminism

Media Magazine reading

1) Read Playing With The Past: Post-feminism and the Media (MM40, page 64 - our Media Magazine archive is here).
2) What are the two texts the article focuses on?
Pan Am - first broadcast on ABC in 2011, is a period drama set in the early Sixties focusing on the lives of pilots and stewardesses working for the Pan American World Airline.

Beyoncé 

3) What examples are provided from the two texts of the 'male gaze' (Mulvey)?

In Beyoncé's song Independent Woman (when part of female group Destiny's Child) declaring herself as an independent woman, whilst objectifying herself for the camera and the ‘male gaze.’ The lyrics "I got beauty, I got class, I got style an I got ass....I even put money in the bank account. Don’t have to ask no one to help me out." Whilst singing these lyrics Beyoncé reinforces her ‘credentials’ by openly rubbing her chest and body, whilst playfully looking down the camera, clearly submitting herself to sexual objectification and openly acknowledging the ‘male gaze’ 

4) Do texts such as these show there is no longer a need for feminism or are they simply sexism in a different form?

Nevertheless, throughout the series of Pan Am the women use their appearance to empower themselves, frequently donning their uniforms to gain access to places they want to be, using their looks to their own advantage, and allowing the audience to find pleasure to a certain extent. There is no longer a need for feminism as women in particular have found other ways to empower themselves, although using appearance as empowerment isn't morally the right thing that is just the harsh reality. 

5) Choose three words/phrases from the glossary of the article and write their definitions on your blog.
Post-feminism – An ideology in culture and society that society is somehow past needing feminism and that the attitudes and arguments of feminism are no longer needed. 

Third wave feminism – Was a movement that redefined and encouraged women to be dominant and sexually assertive. 
Patriarchy – An ideology that places men in a dominant position over women. 

No More Page 3

1) Research the No More Page 3 campaign. Who started it and why?

Founded by Lucy-Anne Holmes and the mission statement is "to persuade the editor of The Sun to voluntarily remove topless models from Page 3 of its daily newspaper."

2) What are the six reasons the campaign gives for why Page 3 has to go?

The Guardian describes Page 3 overall as "demeaning, tasteless and unnecessary" for women to display their bodies. 

3) Read this debate in the Guardian regarding whether the campaign should be dropped. What are Barbara Ellen and Susan Boniface's contrasting opinions in the debate?
Baraba Ellen debates: It’s important to stay aware of hypocrisy, but the snobbery/autonomy arguments don’t wash. Page 3 is the Old Order – reeking of male dominance, of women as sexualised and neutralised objects (Stripping celebrities at least bring a sense of their public personalities). 

"This isn’t about puritanism, snobbery, or censorship, it’s about women being reduced to smutty sideshow turns within the context of family newspapers."
Susie states: In that scenario women’s free speech is in a) baring their boobs if they want and b) complaining about it if they choose. How can we criticise Islamic State for insisting all women cover up, and the next, er, insist women cover up?

4) How can the No More Page 3 campaign be linked to the idea of post-feminism?
If the campaign is successful then it proves that women are just more than objects in the media. It demonstrates that women can be effective and dominant for what they believe in. 
5) What are your OWN views on the No More Page 3 campaign. Do you agree with the campaign's aims? Should the campaign continue?
I believe the campaign should continue as women in the media are always seen as objects. It's time for women to be seen from a more professional view rather than sexually. This will motivate and aspire young girls to have good role models then if there is no more page 3.
6) Do you agree that we are in a post-feminist state or is there still a need for feminism?
I believe that there is a need for feminism, with many different factors. The role of a woman in society is to look after her children. However, for example in court a woman cannot choose to take full ownership of her child as there are laws to help the father. In some aspects feminism is still needed but woman already have as many major rights such as being able to vote which shows that a post-feminist state will not be the worst thing ever. 

Identities: Feminist theory and blog task

Feminism: blog task
Watch the Beyonce video for ‘Why Don’t You Love Me?’ 

 

1) How might this video contribute to Butler’s idea that gender roles are a ‘performance’?
In this music video Beyonce takes on traditional domestic roles - such as cooking and cleaning which could be viewed as socially constructed roles in society. It could be seen as a "performance" as it could be viewed that Beyonce is performing these roles in a provocative fashion in order to please men and uplift that meaning of the song which questions why her partner doesn't love her for the good things she can do because in reality it could be interpreted that her partner could be with her because she looks pretty and disregards her other talents.  

2) Would McRobbie view Beyonce as an empowering role model for women?
McRobbie would view Beyonce as empowering as the concept of the music video is of Beyonce doing domestic roles. Even though she takes on domestic roles the video ultimately emphasises how that is automatically expected for a woman to do. Beyonce is seen as empowering as she's raising he ultimate question "why don't you love me" and is seen as speaking out for women who aren't loved for who they really are but their physical looks

3) What are your OWN views on this debate – does Beyonce empower women or r
einforce the traditional ‘male gaze’ (Mulvey)?
In my opinion, I believe Beyonce created this music video in order to mock the stereotypical view of what women are seen to be in society. Beyonce does both: empowering and reinforcing the male gaze. She empowers women by showing that she is an independent woman, who is just completely about performing domestic roles - this is particularly through the choice of costume - wearing excessive makeup, dresses and high heels. Furthermore, the fact she's smoking and drinking in the video shows the freedom women have to do what would be viewed as masculine roles. However, the fact Beyonce has her cleavage on show throughout could be used to entice men and is the main foundation for the 'male gaze' as she is providing visual pleasure by exposing her body.

Monday 1 February 2016

Weekly New/Digital Media homework Week 20

WEEK 20
1. Local newspaper editor slaps down bigots to welcome Syrian refugees Roy Greenslade Roy Greenslade


  • Craig Borland’s Buteman editorial exemplifies value of community leadership
  • After Argyll and Bute council announced that the island’s only town, Rothesay, would soon be playing host to Syrian refugees, there was a “patina of unease” amid the “palpable sense of anticipation and excitement" among local people.
  • And when “a few unsavoury comments” appeared on The Buteman’s website, Borland responded quickly by publishing a superb editorial to slap down the critics. It bears repetition:
    “There have, predictably but depressingly, been grumbles about how we should look after our own first, how we should be spending our taxes and so on. But mostly these are just not-very-thinly-veiled ways of people saying ‘I don’t want them in my back yard’.
    Well, I do. I want Bute to be a place where people who come here with little more than the clothes they are standing in can feel safe and at home.
    I want Bute to be a place known not for narrow-minded bigotry, but for its warmth, and humanity, and willingness to help people with nothing in whatever way it can.
    The families coming to Bute have been through things we can’t begin to imagine. Surely as human beings we have a duty to help. But more than that, we have an opportunity to show them, and the world, that Bute is a wonderful place to call your home.”
  • McKenna also quotes Borland as saying: “There is space in our schools and there is spare social housing, and many, many people want to help our new neighbours to settle here. I would love it if some of them wanted to stay in our community and put down roots here.”

Investors have expressed concern at relatively slow user growth but by other metrics Twitter is performing well.

  • CEO Jack Dorsey’s turnaround effort has seen the social networking firm’s shares fall 41% since October. 
  • Twitter’s chief executive, Jack Dorsey, dug deep at an emergency morale-boosting session at the company’s San Francisco headquarters on Thursday, urging staff to post tweets expressing their commitment to the embattled social networking firm
  • “There is no other platform as powerful or as inspiring,” read one from an ad exec.
  • The company’s share price is in freefall, dropping more than 41% since Dorsey was named permanent CEO in October. 
  • Twitter has had seven product heads in six years, the service is failing to attract new users, and investors are frightened
  • 320 million users every month, 79% of whom are outside the US. But investors are concerned that audience is no longer growing rapidly

Identities: Feminism and new/digital media

Class research task
Emma Watson: HeForShe gender equality campaign
Emma Watson started the "HeForShe gender equality campaign" which was the first campaign of its kind at the UN to try and motivate as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for gender equality. She then outlines how no country in the world can yet say they have achieved gender equality. - "it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decision-making of my country. I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect as men. But sadly I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights." It's a balanced debate as she then goes on to identify that men are being imprisoned by gender stereotypes - "Men don’t have the benefits of equality either - young men suffering from mental illness unable to ask for help for fear it would make them look less “macho”—in fact in the UK suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20-49 years of age; eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease." Overall, I think Emma Watson's campaign is valid as it looks at both sides and discusses the issues surrounding gender stereotypes, such as pressures from society to look a certain way.

Caroline Criado-Perez: female presence on banknotes
The feminist campaigner had won her battle with the Bank of England to reinstate a woman on the back of an English banknote. She had campaigned ever since it was announced that social reformer Elizabeth Fry was to be wiped off the fiver and replaced with Winston Churchill, leaving an all-male, all-white lineup on our English banknotes. Criado-Perez had threaten to sue the bank under the 2010 Equality Act. The then Bank of England governor, Mervyn King, appeared to dismiss her request. Then, within a week of new boss Mark Carney taking up his post, she had been invited to the bank and asked if she would accept Jane Austen on the back of a tenner. Five days later, Criado-Perez was back on the news in a very different context. This time she was talking about the rape and death threats she had received on Twitter, following her victory. In my opinion, I feel that Caroline Criado-Perez's campaign was a success as it no means that women economically/politically have equality by remaining on the banknote. She states: "Women have always been put in their place and kept there through the threat of sexual violence. What social media has done is enable people to behave in way they wouldn't face to face." This determines how trolls wouldn't have the confidence to say those harsh things in reality because social media allows them to be hateful behind a computer screen because of the faceless nature of being face-to-face. 

Caitlin Moran: Twitter silence
The idea belongs to controversial feminist Caitlin Moran and he movement is a Twitter trend called #TwitterSilence, and it involves an ironic day of quiet in protest of women's inability to speak out on Twitter without incurring some form of abuse. Twitter, however, had already announced it would be listening to the protests of the U.K. feminists, adding more staff to deal with abuse claims and rolling out its current "Report Abuse" button for iPhone to its Android and web platforms as well. Meanwhile, many people, feminists included, were highly skeptical that allowing Twitter users to "Report Abuse" would do anything but make it harder for feminists to make their voices heard. I think this campaign wasn't useful as women are not getting their opinion across by being silent. As a result, the issues surrounding gender inequality cannot be addressed if no one speaks up.